How is Aortic Valve Regurgitation Diagnosed?
DiagnosisAn early diagnosis of aortic valve regurgitation is important to prevent long-term heart damage. Various tests can be used to confirm a diagnosis of aortic valve regurgitation, including:
- TTE. Also known as a transthoracic echocardiogram, this test uses sound waves to generate a moving image of the heart. Your healthcare provider can then see the structure of the aorta and the aortic valve to confirm a diagnosis and gauge the severity of the condition.
- TEE. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) may be recommended if there is a need for additional detail when viewing the structure of the heart and aortic valve. A device called a transducer is inserted down the patient’s esophagus (the tube that carries food and fluids from your mouth to your stomach). This allows for a clearer view of the heart because the sound waves used to generate an image do not need to pass through additional bone or tissue.
- Chest X-ray. This imaging test allows your doctor to see whether your heart or aorta is enlarged. This enlargement may indicate that the left ventricle is holding more blood due to aortic valve regurgitation.
- CT Scan or MRI. A CT scan (computed tomography) or an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can generate detailed images of the heart, aorta, and aortic valve, providing your doctor with important diagnostic information.
- Stress tests. This type of test can help your doctor analyze heart activity. An ECG will be conducted while the patient walks on a treadmill or rides a stationary bike. This will allow doctors to detect symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation.
- Cardiac catheterization. While this test is not often used to diagnose aortic valve regurgitation, it can provide doctors with additional information that may be useful in confirming a diagnosis, particularly if other tests are inconclusive. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted and guided through a blood vessel to the heart. Your healthcare provider will pump a dye through the tube that allows the structures of your heart to be viewed with greater clarity using X-rays.
How is Aortic Valve Regurgitation Treated?
TreatmentTreatment of aortic valve regurgitation will vary depending on the severity of the condition. If symptoms are mild or absent, your doctor may encourage healthy lifestyle changes and frequent check-ups. Certain medications may also be prescribed as a treatment. However, surgery may be necessary if the condition worsens or if symptoms are severe.
Lifestyle Changes
Certain lifestyle changes may be recommended as a solution for underlying factors related to aortic valve regurgitation:
- Heart-healthy, low-salt diets to decrease your blood pressure and reduce the stress placed on your heart
- Reducing your consumption of alcohol and caffeine may also be recommended
- Quitting smoking
- Weight loss, if necessary
Medications
To treat aortic valve regurgitation your doctor may prescribe antiarrhythmic medicines, diuretics, or medications to lower blood pressure. These may be prescribed prior to a surgical procedure or as long-term medication, especially if you’re unable to undergo surgery.
Surgical Options
Depending on the severity of the case, an aortic valve repair procedure may be necessary to mend damage or repair holes in the aortic valve. The surgery can also separate fused valve flaps, or remove and reshape any excess tissue, allowing the valve flaps to close correctly.
When aortic valve repair is not an option, the valve can be replaced. Aortic valve replacement involves the removal of the damaged valve and replacing it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig, or human tissue.
TAVR (transcatheter aortic valve replacement) is an option for certain patients. This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the insertion of a replacement valve using a catheter. This thin, flexible tube is guided through a blood vessel to the heart, where the replacement valve is positioned. The catheter is then removed, leaving only a small incision.
Pregnancy and aortic valve regurgitation treatments
Women with aortic valve regurgitation who are pregnant, or wish to become pregnant, may have to consider additional factors. Your doctor will closely monitor you throughout your pregnancy for complications.
They will also discuss medications that can be taken or avoided, and whether you will need a procedure to treat your condition before becoming pregnant. In certain severe cases, it may be recommended that pregnancy be avoided altogether to prevent complications.
Trust NewYork-Presbyterian for Aortic Valve Regurgitation Treatment
NewYork-Presbyterian’s healthcare specialists understand the symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation and can provide you with the individualized care and treatment you need. Schedule an appointment to learn about the full range of treatments and services we provide.