Test Overview
Anoscopy, proctoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy tests allow your doctor to look at the inner lining of your anus, your rectum, and the lower part of the large intestine (colon). These tests are used to look for abnormal growths (such as tumors or polyps), inflammation, bleeding, hemorrhoids, and other conditions (such as diverticulosis).
These tests use different scopes and look at different sections of the colon.
- Anoscopy.
- During an anoscopy, a short, rigid, hollow tube (anoscope) that may contain a light source is used to look at the last part of the colon (anal canal). This test can usually be done at any time because it does not require any special preparation (enemas or laxatives) to empty the colon.
- Proctoscopy.
- During a proctoscopy, a slightly longer scope than the anoscope is used to view the inside of the rectum. You will probably have to use an enema or laxative to empty the colon before the test is done.
- The proctoscope allows your doctor to look into the rectum and the bottom part of the colon, but it does not reach as far into the colon as the flexible sigmoidoscope.
- Sigmoidoscopy.
- During a sigmoidoscopy, a lighted tube is inserted through the anus. Your doctor can remove small growths and collect tissue samples (biopsy) through a sigmoidoscope. You will have to use an enema or laxative (or both) to empty the colon before the test is done.
- The flexible sigmoidoscope has a lighted lens system. This scope allows your doctor to see around bends in the colon.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is one of many tests that may be used to screen for colon cancer. Which screening test you choose depends on your risk, your preference, and your doctor. Talk to your doctor about what puts you at risk and what test is best for you.