Condition Basics

What is pelvic organ prolapse?

Pelvic organ prolapse means that a pelvic organ—such as your bladder—has moved from its normal position and is pressing against your vagina. This can happen when the muscles and tissues that hold your pelvic organs in place get weak or damaged.

Pelvic organ prolapse is common. It isn't usually a big health problem, but it can be uncomfortable or painful. It can be treated if it bothers you. And it may get better with time.

More than one pelvic organ can prolapse at the same time. Organs that can be involved include the:

• Bladder.
• Urethra.
• Uterus.
• Vagina.
• Small bowel.
• Rectum.

Female pelvic anatomy

The pelvis is the ring of bones between the hips where several organs and structures are located. The female pelvic area includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, cervix, bladder, urethra, pelvic floor muscles, clitoris, vagina, and rectum.

What causes it?

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues that hold your pelvic organs in place get weak or damaged. It's often linked to pregnancy and vaginal childbirth. During pregnancy and delivery, pelvic muscles can get stretched and injured. Other causes of prolapse include aging, menopause, obesity, and frequent constipation.

What are the symptoms?

You may not have any symptoms. Or you may feel pressure from pelvic organs pressing against the vaginal wall. Your lower belly may feel very full, and you may feel as if something is falling out of your vagina. You may have urinary or bowel problems or pain during intercourse.

How is it diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask you questions about your past and current health. This includes asking about your symptoms and past pregnancies. Your doctor will also do a physical exam, including a pelvic exam. And you may have other tests. Pelvic organ prolapse that doesn't cause symptoms may be found during a routine exam.

How is pelvic organ prolapse treated?

You may not need or want treatment. But if symptoms bother you, you can try doing Kegel exercises and staying at a healthy weight. You can also try a pessary. Surgery may also be an option.