Condition Basics
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a disease that happens to children. It causes inflamed, swollen joints. This makes joints stiff and painful. Your child may have some pain and may walk with a limp. Some children with JIA grow out of it after they get treatment. Others will need ongoing treatment as adults.
There are several types of JIA. Oligoarticular affects a few joints and is usually mild. Polyarticular affects more joints and is usually more severe. Systemic can be the most serious. This type can also affect organs. Enthesitis-related most often affects the areas where tendons and ligaments attach to bones (the enthesis).
What causes it?
The cause of JIA isn't well understood. Most experts believe it's caused by a combination of things, including an immune system that's too active and attacks joint tissues. Other factors may include viruses or other infections and certain genes.
What are the symptoms?
Children can have one or many symptoms that come and go. But the symptoms are long-lasting. They include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. A child may also have trouble sleeping and problems walking. Systemic JIA can cause fever spikes and a rash.
How is it diagnosed?
JIA is often diagnosed after other possible causes have been ruled out and pain and stiffness have lasted for at least 6 weeks. Your doctor will ask questions about your child's symptoms and past health and do a physical exam. Your child may also have blood tests and a urine test.
How is JIA treated?
JIA is treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) and other types of medicine to prevent joint damage. NSAIDs can help reduce pain and inflammation. Other treatments, such as exercise and physical therapy, can help keep your child's muscles flexible and strong. Work closely with your medical team to plan the best treatment.
