Condition Basics
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can range from a mild concussion to a severe head injury. It is caused by a blow to the head or body, a wound that breaks through the skull (such as from a gunshot), a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain. This can cause bruising, swelling, or tearing of brain tissue.
With rest, most people fully recover from a mild brain injury. But some people who have had a severe or repeated brain injury may have long-lasting problems with movement, learning, or speaking.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms range from mild to severe and can last for hours, days, weeks, months, or years. Symptoms could include headaches, vision problems, dizziness, or having trouble remembering. They may also include changes in your mood or how you sleep. More severe symptoms could include speech problems, seizures, passing out, stroke symptoms, or a coma.
How is it diagnosed?
The doctor will ask you questions about the injury. You'll be checked for physical signs of a brain injury. The doctor may order imaging tests such as a CT scan or an MRI to check your brain for bruising or bleeding. You may need other tests.
How is a TBI treated?
Treatment depends on your injury and how bad it is. A mild brain injury may be treated with medicine and rest. Treatment for a severe injury may include medicine, fluids, help with breathing, or surgery. You may also need long-term treatment. This may include counseling, physical and occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy.
